*Few of us “radical” skeptics care for philosophical debates which are far less philosophical, and far more the sparring of ego’s and the clashing of dehumanizingly totalizing institutions of power. Want moral knowledge? Frankly, you have already failed by seeking to find it in a “new” Atheist/Theist debate. Despite my nausea, I owe it to fulfill a promise to write a critique of the purely cultural phenomenon called “new Atheism.” Like any of my writing endeavors, I expect it to be an ever-expanding and overly comprehensive topic, so bear with the inevitable loose ends, jabs, anecdotal digressions, and my uncondensed mode of writing. My interest is to interrogate “new” Atheists as much as possible, but not without answering for my claims against those who seemed to stop questioning themselves the moment they took up such blatantly false and mythic notions of the “completion” of scientific positivism and their vehement—and outright offensive—repudiation of other views.
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I. Initial Thoughts: Names, Identity, and Possibility
Mankind likes to think in terms of extreme opposites. It is given to formulating its beliefs in terms of Either/Ors, between which it recognizes no intermediate possibilities…
For in spite of itself any movement that thinks and acts in terms of an ‘ism becomes so involved in reaction against other ‘isms that it is unwittingly controlled by them. For it then forms its principles by reaction against them instead of by a comprehensive, constructive survey of actual needs, problems, and possibilities…
-John Dewey, Experience and Education
I attended school in one of the most conservative regions of the country during the most irrational, reckless, hyper-conservative governmental regime in modern history. If the place got any redder, blood geysers would have boiled up from the sewer man-holes like a bad Steven King movie. And in light of the almost daily proselytizing by apocalyptic, homophobic Christians on the university mall, and the almost daily theocratic editorials of the worst college newspaper in the nation, it was a spectacle one would be foolhardy to deny. The lesson of my school experiences: if we are a democracy, it is a plurality of screaming, resentful, sensationalist contrarians amongst whom only the least flawed view prevails. (Though on the other hand, undergraduate level schools have been systematically converted into playgrounds for young, entitled, white suburbanites—but, that’s a peripheral issue.) The current stimulus debate is only the latest reinvention of a perennial human problem: amidst circumstances of imminent danger, there are those who cling to narcissistic soliloquy aboard a sinking ship—what is it with humans and mirrors?
So welcome to the 21st century, the dream of our grandfathers and theirs before them, a thousand generations. The most irritating thing about America in the year of our Lady Time, 2009, is the prevailing shrillness in our culture. When you ask most folks basic questions, not even the complex or polarizing ones, you will receive a cookie-cutter answer deployed by a handful of ideological power monopolies: abortion is murder but sending soldier’s to die in blatantly unjust wars is the will of their deity, the environment is an obstruction, and self-reflection is the ultimate existential threat; or, chemical-laden hybrid automobiles will save the Earth instead of changing behavior, Republicans are evil (a tautology?), democrats and minorities are blameless messiah’s, people give a shit about your humorless bumpersticker politics, and so on. History is dead, the continuum of time is the distance-rate between shopping malls, and cognition is virtually absent as anything but an occasional and punctuated process—I mean, we’ve got institutional and technological apparatuses to think for us, right? We’ve got collective ressentiment to leverage identities which otherwise we would not have, eh? Honestly, marketers must absolutely drool over the passivity of our cultural engineering. Welcome! Coffee table Atheist book, anyone?
One of the funniest things about not giving a shit in America is being able to see the simplistic insularity of American modes of identity. Your identity is shaped, controlled, and informed by C-movies, the prescription drugs you inhale, the kind of car you drive, your music, your religious/anti-religious creed, where your house has been arbitrarily located by economic disparity, what party you vote for, and how well you keep up in utterly perverse conversations about the most recent shooting and other incidents of mass violence and cultural hysteria. Not a drop of ink is spilled over whether our problems are not born from their expectation, if not simply from boredom. Gnomes like myself can only sigh as we descend from the mountains back into the city, where even the examination of the natural world leads to its substitution with the mythic totalities of religion and science alike.
What is simplistic about the modes of American identity-states is that most folks fail to realize that their numerous identity oppositions are not part of the same whole. Whether you’re a democrat or a republican is ultimately irrelevant, contextual, and usually a completely unexamined pastiche of high school experiences, labor conditioning, and cultural iconography. Most folks are only such—”D” or “R”—because of some red-eyed political analyst of yore data-mining metrical data at two a.m. the night before a pivotal election—and, to the victor goes the moral vindication? (Or, the “moral vindication” of a few hundred votes and a miniscule fraction of the electorate, an emerging electoral phenomenon.) And yet such miniscule and arbitrary markers—”D” or “R,” white or black, carhartteer or whole-foods freak—codify entire modes of being; inescapable social identifications which articulate the entire spectrum of one’s being. Interdependence between such oppositions? Mutual “others”? Preposterous!
For most folks, political or social identification has less to do with any manner of coherent philosophical view than with the continual reaffirmation and entrenchment of prior modes of identification. Elections are not won by thoughtful argument, but through market saturation, data-mining psychometric data, icon-narratives, and disinformation campaigns. In the relative world of movement politics, you’re a democrat or republican because you have repeated it to yourself so many times, have argued insignificant issues to their uttermost end so many times that they become the scope of your familiarity with anything else, but that very familiarity is what makes the world intelligible. I, a far-left Democrat, actually believe that—hold your butts—certain socially conservative ideas are fundamentally valid and necessary, albeit if their messenger is a tad off its meds. But I succumb to my libertarian impulse and fully contend that the partisan debate in America is defined primarily by a pathology of small differences. It is not grand differences that matter, but the fact that self-pitying lefties and righties are so much the same that they act so indignantly toward one another. And thus, in a general way: one’s identity is predicated on issues and events with which we have only a tenuous or miniscule involvement; we are merely configurations of arbitrary identity markers: a vertical integration of inherited beliefs and practices, and a horizontal integration of our limited available experience.* Reality transcends our knowledge of it at every step, yet society demands us to stand for absolutes which have neither referent nor antecedent.
What’s this to do with New Atheism, you ask? We’ll get there, but you ought to be able to see the parallels between the totalizing, anti-philosophical hazards of identity and the abduction of Atheistic thought by a purely cultural mode of identity and wedge-politics. I’m drawing you into a world—not “the” world mind your prejudices, only “a” sketch among other sketches.
*In reference to social identification as interpreted through virtual/collective institutions, without excluding the common definition of “identity” in its personal, peer-to-peer subjectivity.
*
American culture abhors a vacuum. Despised are those who peer behind the curtain at the structure underlying fates which are perceived as destiny. Bits of information are but passive truths; the sky is blue without argument. But in America, the sky being blue is an opportunity for contention, a site for pitting ourselves against one another in semi-metaphorical combat. This pitting of ourselves against one another serves only to pit us collectively against the real, the things which evidence does not allow us to deny—the sun also rises. The sky remains blue, but not so if we turn from it to argue the fact with one another: whose blue? what blue? In a sense, the sky ceases to be blue when we give blatantly false views (”the sky is purple”) a franchise within the discourse—and who among us would argue that media-driven American lobbyistocracy is anything but just such a collection of lunatic franchises? (Last sentence brought to you by our friends at Exxon-Mobil.) Who can argue that mediocrity is not the built-in ceiling of our current political system and its surrounding cultural mode?
Yet, Americans of every political persuasion argue their views as if they are essential truth, even scripture. I qualify as a far-left democrat, even a “communist,” but I am fully aware of the ambiguities and contradictions upon which folks—right AND left—only pile more certainty. Certainty, stagnant certainty; everyone’s got it, and no one knows why or even what it’s for. An asteroid might strike the Earth tomorrow, engulf the world in a firestorm routing out every last record of organic existence—but hey, at least we’ve got our certainty! Meanwhile, back in the real: the sun rises anew in a sky that is still blue, God is dead (…when convenient), we go to wars with prior motives and without really knowing why, and that guy who murdered a dozen or so shoppers at a mall last weekend in Somewhere, Texarkanatah is just an inner manifestation of our inner consumer angst; he (and always he) is a manifestation of a collective expectation that the past is the only world, and that there is no alternative. Nature abhors a vacuum; the circus goes on:
The truth about the world, he said, is that anything is possible. Had you not seen it all from birth and thereby bled it of its strangeness it would appear to you for what it is… a fevered dream, a trance bepopulate with chimeras having neither analogue nor precedent, an itinerant carnival, a migratory tentshow whose ultimate destination after many a pitch in many a mudded field is unspeakable and calamitous beyond reckoning. / The universe is no narrow thing and the order within it is not constrained by any latitude in its conception to repeat what exists in one part what exists in any other part. Even in this world more things exist without our knowledge than with it and the order in creation which you see is that which you have put there, like a string in a maze, so that you shall not lose your way. For existence has its own order and that no man’s mind can compass, that mind itself being but a fact among the others.
-Blood Meridian, Cormac McCarthy
All this describes the current of American society at a moment in time that is universal, but also very particular. The failure of old dogmas has become an unfertile and unstable ground for regeneration. The post-election warmth in America is really a street-bonfire of playbooks—that pungent tingle of singed pin-stripes is the putrid odor of financial journalists jumping in headlong in a last-ditch attempt to recover their careers. The problem which so many fail to realize is that the instantiations of old dogma themselves have failed considerably, if not entirely, and prevent the kind of cyclical regeneration that has occurred for the last half century. Naturally, conservative views are virtually without a referent; their hegemony is collapsing under its contradictions—you cannot straddle the politics of the industrial ultra-rich and the implicitly racist politics of regional rubes forever. At some point, the whistle is blown. It would just be nice if it wasn’t blown only after millions of people had been injured by an economic model of over-production, entitlement, and self-exemption (Jesus, torture, and tax cuts for everyone! Huzzah!).
In a broader sense, and in reference to rising legal secularist movement within the Democratic Party, the failure of old dogma does not mean the end of dogma. On the contrary, it is that dogma—of a religion, a political ideology, consumerist attitudes, or any organized system of belief—has merely adapted to conceal itself more efficiently. For consumer culture, the product is the humor of self-mocking irony in spite of the will to change the systems structuring and defining one’s world. For the religious, it is the abduction of “postmodern relativist” positions, but the subsequent denial of their logical consequence: rights of pluralism and personal autonomy. Who hasn’t attended some moral or political debate in which the diametrically opposed forces of debate did not end up in a match for the last word? Are such incidents manifestations of the efficacy of their moral imperatives, an example of civil discourse, or can we finally admit that evidently neither has it right, and that there are tertiary issues at hand? And what is worse than evil itself, self-proclaimed and proud, than evils cloaked as good and righteous, regardless of their color? Does the tendency toward “might makes right” illuminate an essential danger in obscuring self-justifying dogma?
Nope. Religion did it. And that is all.
As Nietzsche said of ideological interpretations of the world, “Whichever interpretation prevails at a given time is a function of power not truth.” By proclaiming the non-agency of dogma in the manner of a self-described “secular humanist,” isn’t one merely covering one’s tracks? Isn’t the most efficient form of dogma that which conceals its operations from its adherents, and obtains transparency with those whose experience derives via its lenses? Finally, isn’t the claim that dogma does not exist the very envy of Dogma? Isn’t that its primary provision and end? Isn’t its perceived absence a necessary step toward an automatic dispensation of attributes upon all objective phenomena within its sphere? Hmmm… Guess you can shred your DNC card and cancel your subscription to ‘The Nation.’ It’s two a.m. in postmodern America: do you know where your democratic plurality is?
… It’s unconscious. Dead in a ditch covered in a shower of coupons, spent Blackwater bullet casings, pharmaceutical pamphlets, and advertisements for a new Buick. In thousands of years, the next sentient beings to uncover traces of our brief existence will only find discarded McDonald’s wrappers and the gaping hole in the fossil record denoting the greatest biological mass-extinction in history contrived by its most “intelligent” species to have yet risen by random selection. Oh wait—there won’t be any such mythical beings, and this is the only chance we’ve got, and yet we are massively fucking things up by treating the problem with more of the problem. So God bless SUV’s and do-it-yourself religion. God bless America; or, man bless God blessing America and blessing blessing beyond its homocentric boundary, and so on in circular fashion, on and on we go, merrily, merrily, merrily… life is but a dream!
*

Rene Magritte, The Treason of Images ("This is not a pipe"), 1929.
I admit, coming from an Irish heritage seems to gives one a fatalistic immunity to the cynicism in those prior statements. But it’s a cynicism pressing a certain point about the danger of names: their perceived reality is mythical, but ultimately controlling. Names become points of actuation in reality for things which have nothing to do with philosophical matters at hand; words themselves are like metaphysical acts of violence. I often work on cars, and one of my most valuable tools is the drift, which is simply a hardened steel cylinder used to drive parts from their settings with a solid whack of the hammer. But “drift” is the old-school name for what is also called a “billet,” “casing,” “rod,” “drive,” “pull,” and so on. And a coaxial name like a “drive” is also an umbrella term for different rotary tools and components, a verb for piloting an automobile, or even a metaphor for the will. A single tool shares a thousand different overlapping names in hundreds of different languages, meaningful only in certain contexts, themselves not static and unchanging but constantly in a process of change and becoming. Words exist at a continually destabilized border between the chaos and entropy of infinite space, and the domesticating attributes of metaphysical place. Even after years of automotive work, I refuse to use the word “Philips” for a screw-driver; some think it means flat-blade, others four point, and all refuse to back down from the “essentiality” of what they believe “Philips” bestows upon a screwdriver. They cannot relinquish the domesticity of the name “Philips” for the utilitarian recognition that the name is arbitrary and purely referential.
Each name is merely a descriptive, utilitarian reference to the thing-itself, which is why so many people compensate with novel phrases like “doo-hickie” complimented with a referential grunt or point of the finger, and likewise with generalized torque specs such as the German gewd-n-teit or acronymic condition reports: “F.U.B.A.R.” Names are always in a state of emergence. In actuality, my “drift” is a piston pin from a large-displacement diesel engine. Yet as soon as it was adapted to a new purpose, it metaphysically ceased to be a piston pin, and became a “drift,” with all the ambiguities the name entails. Its the same object, but in some ways it is actually different. A new name bestows a new set of possibilities and supplants the old. This is the very reason I respect those who have the creativity to create new names for things within the context that shapes and hones them. As many point out, Shakespeare was as much a playwright as a wordsmith (a few examples: eyeball, doorknob, full-circle…). Even the common words which he used were only chosen because of their localized, contextual, and oral meaning. Likewise, names are completely non-essential and local. They only describe things, and their inherence in actual objects is constructed, equivocal, and ultimately illusory.
However, even if referent and signifier (the real object and its name, respectively) are physically divorced from one another or merely proximate, this does not make names arbitrary. Within the virtual domain of language in which they operate, the value of a name is in its potentiality to resolve the ambiguities of an object (by giving things common, descriptive meanings), but without closing the possibility of new meanings or the inherent potentiality for one thing to become something else all together. The latter clause is important because it allows for the adaptation of names to their surroundings and context, as well as for the creation of new names. Languages are always changing, incomplete, and in-progress in the sense that they hybridize and create new meanings for phenomena which were heretofore undescribed. Blackwater gets bad press, so they change their name to “Xe,” as if the name itself transmogrifies the “essence” behind it into something else—even in full view of everyone? There’s change we can believe in! Some see this as the failure of language, which really only represents a failure to recognize its coincidence with the nature of our own being-in-time: incomplete, in-progress, changing, and circumstantial.
In the realm of late capitalism, however, the drive to name things meets its most collectively sociopathic end in the form of a hyper-reductive impulse—receiving its full-throated endorsement by “new” Atheist authors—in the belief that all things can be mapped and named in a static, self-contained fashion via scientific reduction. I learned this last New Year’s Eve, in which a futile debate against the nihilism of free-market economics ended up as a discourse on the “nature” of a beer can, and the subsequent angst-filled reaction I was dealt for refusing to see the word “can” as magically bearing the thing itself (believe me, if saying the word “beer” laid a beer in my hand, I would not be writing this right now). These names, and the ideologies which dispense them, close possibilities; anything which assumes their flexibility—namely philosophical discourse—is despised as a dire existential-threat. In the realm of biological science for example, names are dealt in Latinate designations, species and genus, implying the static, hierarchical, and unchanging nature of a given species or genus, and much the same as any level of a taxonomical tree for that matter. The Latinization of real objects presumes a static and hierarchical “universal” language for describing the world; although that world, and its various species of organisms, are in a constant—not incidental—state of change. This is making a straw man out of the goals of biological science for certain, but not in the sense that “new” Atheists abduct the descriptive nature of all sciences not as limited descriptions, but as certitudes that cannot be questioned, except by “superstitious Xians.” In the sense that “new” Atheists and “secular humanists” claim unlimited logic and hyper-rationalist mechanisms as the all-encompassing explanation of the world, they are merely one pole of a hyper-reductive drive to name all things, to rout out all “essences” from the province of social competitors. What you get, inexplicably for a “reaction to the mythical, superstitious explanations of a religion,” is exactly the same thing, merely with opposite attributes: a self-rationalizing, reflexively-universalist system of belief which evades criticism by “naming” its opponents in the form of abundant epithets and scapegoats.
As much as they will deny it, what “new” Atheists and religious fundamentalists share is a mode of thinking which totalizes the world and imbues it with a universalism neither can prove, as yet they have tried again, and again, and again, down through the generations, without resolving to simply live and let live as the prior imperative of one’s life—you know, as MATURE FUCKING ADULTS. These people are just so many Marlowe’s, harried this way and that trying to put shrink the natural world into a book, the “mind of God” into some equation. And in so far as they are poles of the same problem, their dialogue is nothing more than the playground *name* calling of children, structured mimetically by this jealous, Lacanian desire for a mythically self-contained apparatus to explain away the phenomena of the world and one’s limited situation in it. Throw in a heavy dose of capitalism in the form of shitty books and transactional social relationships, thereby liquidating all ideas into their free-market exchange value, and suddenly everyone’s identity becomes a coerced outcome on a continuum between two identically-dogmatic poles. Wouldn’t our grandfathers be proud of our plurality? What would they think of the achievement of a domestic and civil nation squandered in narcissistic infighting and artificial polemicizing?